Ending Medical Reversal by Vinay Prasad (MD MPH) and Adam Cifu (MD) is an essential book for medical students, physicians, and anyone even peripherally involved in medicine; for everybody else, it's merely highly recommended.
well, until they get a study population that is 100% compliant; and they can compare effectiveness (or side effects) with genotype, or DNA methylation status, the noise will frequently swamp the signal. Right now 'humanized mice' iirc, are only a tiny bit humanized-- just enough so their immune system doesn't attack human proteins. What they need is a mouse with fully humanized immune system, gut, heart, muscle, fat, thyroid, pancreas-- not sure if the quickest route to that really is via humanized mice, or if the quickest route is via 'organ system on a chip' (or rather organ systems on a series of interconnected chips). Or rather, organ systems on chips for each genotype of interest. I'd say at that point medicine will move from 'art' to 'engineering.'
Humanized mouse models, or organ (systems) on a chip are the real solution.
Is the idea that humanized mouse models will be so similar to people that trials on them will generalize to humans?
well, until they get a study population that is 100% compliant; and they can compare effectiveness (or side effects) with genotype, or DNA methylation status, the noise will frequently swamp the signal. Right now 'humanized mice' iirc, are only a tiny bit humanized-- just enough so their immune system doesn't attack human proteins. What they need is a mouse with fully humanized immune system, gut, heart, muscle, fat, thyroid, pancreas-- not sure if the quickest route to that really is via humanized mice, or if the quickest route is via 'organ system on a chip' (or rather organ systems on a series of interconnected chips). Or rather, organ systems on chips for each genotype of interest. I'd say at that point medicine will move from 'art' to 'engineering.'